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<DIV CLASS=refnamediv>
<H1>Properties</H1>

<H2>Name</H2>

Properties

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.116">Synopsis</A></h2>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Class Name:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>java.util.Properties</tt>

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Superclass:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>java.util.Hashtable</tt>

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Immediate Subclasses:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
None

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Interfaces Implemented:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
None

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Availability:<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
JDK 1.0 or later </DL>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.117">Description</A></h2>

<P CLASS=para>
The <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> class is a subclass 
of <tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt> that deals exclusively 
with string keys and string values. Furthermore, a <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> 
object can be written to an <tt CLASS=literal>OutputStream</tt> 
and read from an <tt CLASS=literal>InputStream</tt>. 
Note that the <tt CLASS=literal>load()</tt> and <tt CLASS=literal>save()</tt> 
correctly convert Unicode strings to and from byte streams, using the <tt CLASS=literal>getLocalizedInputStream()</tt> 
and <tt CLASS=literal>getLocalizedOutputStream()</tt> 
methods of <tt CLASS=literal>Runtime</tt>. 

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.118">Class Summary</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=screen>
<P>
<PRE>
public class java.util.Properties extends java.util.Hashtable {
  // Variables
  protected Properties defaults;
  // Constructors
  public Properties();
  public Properties(Properties defaults);
  // Instance Methods
  public String getProperty(String key);
  public String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue);
  public void list(PrintStream out);
  public void list(PrintWriter out);                     // New in 1.1
  public synchronized void load(InputStream in);
  public Enumeration propertyNames();
  public synchronized void save(OutputStream out, String header);
}
</PRE>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.119">Variables</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.219">defaults</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.248">protected Properties defaults</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
A collection of default property values. If a key/value 
pair is not found in this Properties 
object, the <tt CLASS=literal>defaults</tt> object 
is searched. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.120">Constructors</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.220">Properties</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.249">public Properties()</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This constructor creates an empty <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> 
object. </DL>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.250">public Properties(Properties defaults)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>defaults</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
A set of default 
key/value pairs. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This constructor creates an empty <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> 
object that gets default values for keys that it does not contain from 
the given <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> object. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.121">Instance Methods</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.221">getProperty</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.251">public String getProperty(String key)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>key</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The key of the value 
to retrieve. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The value of the given property or <tt CLASS=literal>null</tt> 
if the key is not associated with any value. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns the value that is associated with the given key. If 
the key is not found, a default value is returned if this object was created 
with a default <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> table 
that contains a value for the key. If neither a value nor a default value 
can be found, this method returns <tt CLASS=literal>null</tt>. </DL>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.252">public String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>key</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The key of the value 
to retrieve.

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>defaultValue</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The value 
to return if <tt CLASS=literal>key</tt> cannot be 
found. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The value of the given property or <tt CLASS=literal>defaultValue</tt> 
if the key is not associated with any value. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns the value that is associated with the given key. If 
the key is not found, a default value is returned if this object was created 
with a default <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> table 
that contains a value for the key. If neither a value nor a default value 
can be found, this method returns <tt CLASS=literal>defaultValue</tt>. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.222">list</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.253">public void list(PrintStream out)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>out</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The output stream to 
use. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method writes a listing of the contents of this object, in a format 
suitable for debugging, to the given <tt CLASS=literal>PrintStream</tt>. 
As of JDK 1.1, use <tt CLASS=literal>list(PrintWriter)</tt> 
instead. </DL>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.254">public void list(PrintWriter out)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Availability<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
New as of JDK 1.1 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>out</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The output stream to 
use. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method writes a listing of the contents of this object, in a format 
suitable for debugging, to the given <tt CLASS=literal>PrintWriter</tt>. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.223">load</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.255">public synchronized void load(InputStream in) throws IOException</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>in</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The input stream to 
use. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Throws<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>IOException</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
If any kind 
of I/O error occurs. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method reads key/value pairs from the given <tt CLASS=literal>InputStream</tt>. 
Here is the format the method expects: 

<P>
<UL CLASS=itemizedlist>
<li CLASS=listitem>Lines that begin with <tt CLASS=literal>#</tt> or <tt CLASS=literal>!</tt> are comments and are ignored.

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>Blank lines are ignored.

<P>
<li CLASS=listitem>All other lines should specify a key/value pair and be of the form:

<DIV CLASS=screen>
<P>
<PRE>
key = value
</PRE>
</DIV>

<P CLASS=para>
or

<DIV CLASS=screen>
<P>
<PRE>
key : value
</PRE>
</DIV>

<P CLASS=para>
or

<DIV CLASS=screen>
<P>
<PRE>
key value
</PRE>
</DIV>

<P>
</UL>
<P CLASS=para>
All of these forms are equivalent. The method also recognizes the following 
escape characters and treats them as described: </DL>
<DIV CLASS=informaltable>
<P>
<TABLE CLASS=INFORMALTABLE>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TH ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Character</TH>
<TH ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Treatment</TH>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>\</tt><I CLASS=emphasis>newline</I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
An escaped newline character is ignored, along with the spaces or tabs 
that follow it</TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>\n</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Expands to a newline character</TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>\r</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Expands to a return character</TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>\t</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Expands to a tab character</TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>\u<tt CLASS=replaceable><i>xxxx</i></tt></tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Expands to the Unicode character code specified 
by the hexadecimal digits</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.224">propertyNames</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.256">public Enumeration propertyNames()</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Returns<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The keys in this <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> 
object as an <tt CLASS=literal>Enumeration</tt>. 

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method returns an <tt CLASS=literal>Enumeration</tt> that 
iterates through the keys in this <tt CLASS=literal>Properties</tt> 
object. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect2>
<h3 CLASS=refsect2><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT2-AUTOID.225">save</A></h3>

<DIV CLASS=refsect3>
<h4 CLASS=refsect3><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT3-AUTOID.257">public synchronized void save(OutputStream out, String header)</A></h4>

<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Parameters<br>
<DD>

<P>
<DL CLASS=variablelist>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>out</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
The output stream to 
use.

<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry><tt CLASS=literal>header</tt><br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
A header string. </DL>
<p>
<DT CLASS=varlistentry>Description<br>
<DD>

<P CLASS=para>
This method writes key/value pairs to the given <tt CLASS=literal>OutputStream</tt>. 
The format of the output is such that it can be read by the <tt CLASS=literal>load()</tt> 
method.

<P CLASS=para>
If <tt CLASS=literal>header</tt> is not <tt CLASS=literal>null</tt>, 
a <tt CLASS=literal>#</tt> followed by <tt CLASS=literal>header</tt> 
is written to the <tt CLASS=literal>OutputStream</tt> 
first, thereby making the content of the string a comment that precedes 
the key/value pairs. </DL>
</DIV>

</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.122">Inherited Methods</A></h2>

<DIV CLASS=informaltable>
<P>
<TABLE CLASS=INFORMALTABLE>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TH ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Method</TH>
<TH ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Inherited From</TH>
<TH ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Method</TH>
<TH ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
Inherited From</TH>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>clear()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>clone()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>contains(Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>containsKey(Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>elements()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>equals(Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>finalize()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>get(Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>getClass()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>hashCode()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>isEmpty()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>keys()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>notify()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>notifyAll()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>put(Object, Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>remove(Object)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>size()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>toString()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>wait()</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>wait(long)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
</TR>
<TR CLASS=row>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>wait(long, int)</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Object</tt></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
</DIV>

</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=refsect1>
<h2 CLASS=refsect1><A CLASS="TITLE" NAME="ch17-REFSECT1-AUTOID.123">See Also</A></h2>

<P CLASS=para>
<tt CLASS=literal>Enumeration</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>Hashtable</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>InputStream</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>IOException</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>OutputStream</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>PrintStream</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>PrintWriter</tt>, 
<tt CLASS=literal>Runtime</tt> 
</DIV>


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